The 1688 Bill of Rights

BILL OF RIGHTS 1688

Note: The familiar title 'Bill of Rights 1688' comes from the Short Titles Act 1896. The full title of the Act is as given below. According to the authoritative Halsbury's Statutes (4th edition, 1995 Reissue), all parts of this Act are still in force in England, Wales and Northern Ireland except that the Preamble was repealed in part (Juries) in so far as extending to Northern Ireland by the Statute Law Revision Act 1950. This Act is sometimes dated as 1689 and sometimes called the Declaration of Rights.

An Act Declareing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Setleing the Succession of the Crowne

Whereas the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons assembled at Westminster lawfully fully and
freely representing all the Estates of the People of this Realme did upon the thirteenth day of February in the
yeare of our Lord one thousand six hundred eighty eight present unto their Majesties then called and known
by the Names and Stile of William and Mary Prince and Princesse of Orange being present in their proper
Persons a certaine Declaration in Writeing made by the said Lords and Commons in the Words following viz

Whereas the late King James the Second by the Assistance of diverse evill Counsellors Judges and Ministers
imployed by him did endeavour to subvert and extirpate the Protestant Religion and the Lawes and Liberties of this Kingdome

By Assumeing and Exerciseing a Power of Dispensing with and Suspending of Lawes and the Execution of Lawes without consent of Parlyament.

By Committing and Prosecuting diverse Worthy Prelates for humbly Petitioning to be excused from Concurring to the said Assumed Power.

By issueing and causeing to be executed a Commission under the Great Seale for Erecting a Court called The Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiasticall Causes.

By Levying Money for and to the Use of the Crown by pretence of Prerogative for other time and in other manner than the same was granted by Parlyament.

By raising and keeping a Standing Army within this Kingdome in time of Peace without Consent of Parlyament and Quartering Soldiers contrary to Law.

By causing several good Subjects being Protestants to be disarmed at the same time when Papists were both Armed and Imployed contrary to Law.

By Violating the Freedome of Election of Members to serve in Parlyament.

By Prosecutions in the Court of Kings Bench for Matters and Causes cognizable onely in Parlyament and by diverse other Arbitrary and Illegal Courses.

And whereas of late years Partial Corrupt and Unqualifyed Persons have been returned and served on Juryes in Tryalls and particularly diverse Jurors in Tryalls for High Treason which were not Freeholders.

And excessive Baile hath beene required of Persons committed in Criminall Cases to elude the Benefitt of the Lawes made for the Liberty of the Subjects.

And excessive Fines have been imposed.

And illegall and cruell Punishments inflicted.

And severall Grants and Promises made of Fines and Forfeitures before any Conviction or Judgement against the Persons upon whome the same were to be levied.

All which are utterly and directly contrary to the known Lawes and Statutes and Freedome of this Realme.

And whereas the said late King James the Second haveing Abdicated the Government and the Throne being thereby Vacant, his [Highnesse] the Prince of Orange (whome it hath pleased Almighty God to make the
glorious Instrument of Delivering this Kingdome from Popery and Arbitrary Power) did (by the advice of the
Lords Spirituall and Temporall and diverse principall Persons of the Commons) cause Letters to be written to
the Lords Spirituall and Temporall being Protestants and other Letters to the severall Countyes Cityes
Universities Burroughs and Cinque Ports for the Choosing of such Persons to represent them as were of right
to be sent to Parlyament to at Westminster upon the two and twentyeth day of January in this Yeare one
thousand six hundred eighty and eight in order to such an Establishment as that their Religion Lawes and
Liberties might not againe be in danger of being Subverted, Upon which Letters Elections haveing beene
accordingly made.

And thereupon the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons pursuant to their respective Letters and
Elections being now assembled in a full and free Representative of this nation takeing into their most serious
Consideration the best meanes for attaining the Ends aforesaid Doe in the first place (as their Auncestors in
like Case have usually done) for the Vindicating and Asserting their auntient Rights and Liberties, Declare;

That the pretended Power of Suspending of Lawes or the Execution of Lawes by Regall Authority without Consent of Parlyament is illegall.

That the pretended Power of Dispensing with Lawes or the Execution of Lawes by Regal Authoritie as it hath beene assumed and exercised of late is illegall.

That the Commission for erecting the late Court of Commissioners for Ecclesiasticall Causes and all other Commissions and Courts of like nature are Illegall and Pernicious.

That levying Money for or to the Use of the Crowne by pretence of Prerogative without Grant of Parlyament for longer time or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted is Illegall.

That it is the Right of the Subjects to petition the King and all Commitments and Prosecutions for such
Petitioning are Illegall.

That the raising or keeping a standing Army within the Kingdome in time of Peace unlesse it be with Consent of Parlyament is against Law.

That the Subjects which are Protestants may have Arms for their Defence suitable to their Conditions and as allowed by Law.

That Election of Members of Parlyament ought to be free.

That the Freedome of Speech and Debates or Proceedings in Parlyament ought not to be impeached or
questioned in any Court or Place out of Parlyament.

That excessive Baile ought not to be required nor excessive Fines imposed nor cruell and unusuall Punishments inflicted.

That Jurors ought to be duely impannelled and returned and Jurors which passe upon Men in Trialls for
High Treason ought to be Freeholders.

That all Grants and Promises of Fines and Forfeitures of particular persons before Conviction are illegall
and void.

And that for Redresse of all Grievances and for the amending strengthening and preserveing of the Lawes
Parlyaments ought to be held frequently.

And they do Claime Demand and Insist upon all and singular the Premises as their undoubted Rights and
Liberties and that noe Declarations Judgments Doeings or Proceedings to the Prejudice of the People in any of
the said Premisses ought in any wise to be drawne hereafter into Consequence or Example.

To which Demand of their Rights they are particularly encouraged by the Declaration of his Highnesse the
Prince of Orange as being the onley means for obtaining a full Redresse and Remedy therein. Haveing
therefore an entire Confidence that his said Highnesse the Prince of Orange will perfect the Deliverance so
farr advanced by him and will still preserve them from the Violation of their Rights which they have here
asserted and from all other Attempts upon their Religion Rights and Liberties. The said Lords Spirituall and
Temporall and Commons assembled at Westminster doe Resolve that William and Mary Prince and Princesse
of Orange be and be declared King and Queene of England France and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging to hold the Crowne and Royall Dignity of the said Kingdomes and Dominions to them the said Prince and Princesse dureing their Lives and the Life of the Survivour of them And that the sole and full Exercise of the Regall Power be onely in and executed by the said Prince of Orange in the Names of the said Prince and Princesse dureing their joynt Lives And after their Deceases the said Crowne and Royall Dignitie of the said Kingdoms and Dominions to be to the Heires of the Body of the said Princesse and for default of such issue to the Princess Anne of Denmarke and the Heires of her Body And for default of such Issue to the Heires of the Body of the said Prince of Orange. And the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons doe pray the said Prince and Princesse to accept the same accordingly.

And that the Oathes hereafter mentioned be taken by all Persons of whome the Oathes of Allegiance and
Supremacy might be required by Law instead of them And that the said Oathes of Allegiance and Supremacy
be abrogated.

I A B doe sincerely promise and sweare That I will be faithfull and beare true Allegiance to their Majestyes
King William and Queene Mary Soe helpe me God.

I A B doe sweare That I doe from my Heart Abhorr, Detest and Abjure as Impious and Hereticall this
damnable Doctrine and Position That Princes Excommunicated or Deprived by the Pope or any Authority of
the See of Rome may be deposed or murdered by their Subjects or any other whatsoever. And I do declare
That noe Forreigne Prince Person Prelate, State or Potentate hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction Power
Superiority Preeminence or Authoritie Ecclesiastical or Spirituall within this Realme Soe helpe me God.

Upon which their said Majestyes did accept the Crown and Royall Dignitie of the Kingdoms of England
France and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging according to the Resolution and Desire of the said
Lords and Commons contained in the said Declaration. And thereupon their Majestyes were pleased That the
said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons being the two Houses of Parlyament should continue to sitt
and with their Majesties Royall Concurrence make effectuall Provision for the Setl ement of the Religion
Lawes and Liberties of this Kingdome soe that the same for the future might not be in danger againe of being
subverted, to which the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons did agree and proceede to act
accordingly.

Now in pursuance of the Premisses the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons in Parlyament
assembled for the ratifying confirming and establishing the said Declaration and the Articles Clauses Matters
and things therein contained by the Force of a Law made in due Forme by Authority of Parlyament doe pray
that it may be declared and enacted That all and singular the Rights and Liberties asserted and claimed in the
said Declaration are the true auntient and indubitable Rights and Liberties of the People of this Kingdome and
soe shall be esteemed allowed adjudged deemed and taken to be and that all and every the particulars aforesaid shall be firmly and strictly holden and observed as they are expressed in the said Declaration And all
Officers and Ministers whatsoever shall serve their Majestyes and their Successors according to the same in
all times to come.

And the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons seriously considering how it hath pleased
Almighty God in his marvellous Providence and merciful Goodness to this Nation to provide and preserve
their said Majestyes Royall Persons most happily to Raigne over us upon the Throne of their Auncestors for
which they render unto him from the bottome of their Hearts their humblest Thanks and Praises doe truely
firmely assuredly and in the Sincerity of their Hearts thinke and doe hereby recognize acknowledge and
declare That King James the Second haveing abdicated the Government and their Majestyes having accepted the Crowne and Royall Dignity [as] aforesaid Their said Majestyes did become were are and of right ought to be by the Lawes of this Realme our Soveraigne Liege Lord and Lady King and Queene of England France and Ireland and the Dominions thereunto belonging in and to whose Princely Persons the Royall State Crowne and
Dignity of the said Realmes with all Honours Stiles Titles Regalities Pre rogatives Powers Jurisdictions and
Authorities to the same belonging and appertaining are most fully, rightfully and intirely invested and
incorporated united and annexed.

And for preventing all Questions and Divisions in this Realme by reason of any pretended Titles to the
Crowne and for preserveing a Certainty in the Succession thereof in and upon which the Unity Peace
Tranquility and Safety of this Nation doth under God wholly consist and depend The said Lords Spirituall and
Temporall and Commons doe beseech their Majestyes That it may be enacted established and declared That
the Crowne and Regall Government of the said Kingdoms and Dominions with all and singular the Premisses
thereunto belonging and appertaining shall bee and continue to their said Majestyes and the Survivour of them
dureing their Lives and the Life of the Survivour of them And that the entire perfect and full Exercise of the
Regall Power and Government be onely in and executed by his Majestie in the Names of both their Majestyes
dureing their joynt Lives And after their deceases the said Crowne and Premisses shall be and remaine to the
Heires of the Body of her Majestie and for default of such Issue to her Royall Highnesse the Princess Anne of
Denmarke and the Heires of her Body and for default of such Issue to the Heires of the Body of his said
Majestie And thereunto the said Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons doe in the Name of all the
People aforesaid most humbly and faithfully submitt themselves their Heires and Posterities for ever and doe
faithfully promise That they will stand to maintaine and defend their said Majesties and alsoe the Limitation
and Succession of the Crowne herein specified and contained to the utmost of their Powers with their Lives
and Estates against all Persons whatsoever that shall attempt any thing to the contrary.

And whereas it hath beene found by Experience that it is inconsistent with the Safety and Welfaire of this
Protestant Kingdome to be governed by a Popish Prince or by any King or Queene marrying a Papist the said
Lords Spirituall and Temporall and Commons doe further pray that it may be enacted That all and every
person and persons that is are or shall be reconciled to or shall hold Communion with the See or Church of
Rome or shall professe the Popish Religion or shall marry a Papist shall be excluded and be for ever
uncapeable to inherit possesse or enjoy the Crowne and Government of this Realme and Ireland and the
Dominions thereunto belonging or any part of the same or to have use or exercise any Regall Power
Authoritie or Jurisdiction within the same [And in all and every such Case or Cases the People of these
Realmes shall be and are hereby absolved of their Allegiance]

And the said Crowne and Government shall from time to time descend to and be enjoyed by such person or
persons being Protestants as should have inherited and enjoyed the same in case the said person or persons soe
reconciled holding Communion or Professing or Marrying as aforesaid were naturally dead [And that every
King and Queene of this Realme who at any time herafter shall come to and succeede in the Imperiall Crowne
of this Kingdome shall on the first day of the meeting of the first Parlyament next after his or her comeing to
the Crowne sitting in his or her Throne in the House of Peeres in the presence of the Lords and Commons
therein assembled or at his or her Coronation before such person or persons who shall administer the
Coronation Oath to him or her at the time of his or her takeing the said Oath (which shall first happen) make
subscribe and audibly repeate the Declaration mentioned in the Statute made in the thirtyeth yeare of the
Raigne of King Charles the Second Entituled An Act for the more effectual Preserveing the Kings Person and
Government by disableing Papists from sitting in either House of Parlyament

But if it shall happen that such King or Queene upon his or her Succession to the Crowne of this Realme
shall be under the Age of twelve yeares then every such King or Queene shall make subscribe and audibly
repeate the same Declaration at his or her Coronation or the first day of the meeting of the first Parlyament as
aforesaid which shall first happen after such King or Queene shall have attained the said Age of twelve
yeares.] All which Their Majesties are contented and pleased shall be declared enacted and established by
authoritie of this present Parlyament and shall stand remaine and be the Law of this Realme for ever And the
same are by their said Majesties by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and
Commons in Parlyament assembled and by the authoritie of the same declared enacted and established
accordingly.

And bee it further declared and enacted by the Authoritie aforesaid That from and after this present Session of
Parlyament noe Dispensation by Non obstante of or to any Statue or any part thereof shall be allowed but that
the same shall be held void and of noe effect Except a Dispensation be allowed of in such Statue [and except
in such Cases as shall be specially provided for by one or more Bill or Bills to be passed dureing this present
session of Parliament.]